DOI: 10.14489/hb.2018.12.pp.027-035

Распопов В. Я.
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ГИРОСКОПИЧЕСКИХ ДАТЧИКОВ УГЛОВОЙ СКОРОСТИ
(c. 27-35)

Аннотация. Приведены технические характеристики и выполнен сравнительный анализ по параметрам точности и эксплуатационным характеристикам гироскопических датчиков угловой скорости отечественных и иностранных разработчиков.

Ключевые слова: гироскоп; микромеханический; волоконно-оптический; волновой твердотельный.

Raspopov V. Ya.
THE TECHNOLOGY LEVEL OF PROMISING GYROSCOPE-BASED ANGULAR RATE SENSORS
(pp. 27-35)

Abstract. The promising gyroscopic developments include angular velocity sensors (AVS), fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG), wave solid-state gyroscopes (WSSG) and micromechanical gyroscopes (MMG), also defined as gyroscopes manufactured with MEMS technology, that is, MEMS gyroscopes. A distinctive feature of the AVS, manufactured with MEMS technology, is their small mass and little power consumption compared with the other types of gyroscopes. The main disadvantage of MEMS gyroscopes is their insufficient shock and vibration resistance. This makes their application in the systems of orientation and stabilization for dynamic carriers difficult. FOGs are significantly superior in accuracy compared with the MEMS gyroscopes. It should be noted that the majority of FOG and FG do not operate at ambient temperatures of less than minus 40 C, which is explained by the peculiarity of the operation of optical-electronic devices used in their manufacturing. In this case, FOG and FG, as well as the MMG, are sensitive to accelerations and shocks of the base. The above factors make it difficult to use them in stabilization, orientation and navigation systems operating in a wide range of temperatures and in conditions of vibrations and shocks. WSSGs are inferior in accuracy to FOGs, but exceed the accuracy of the micromechanical AVS and can be used in building systems for orientation, stabilization, and navigation in tactical applications. In this case, the WSSGs are significantly better than MEMS-gyroscopes and FOG, since they can be manufactured by machining the metal.

Keywords: Gyroscope; Micromechanical; Fibre-optic; Solid-state wave.